1. The main features of Consumer Protection Act, 1986 are as follows: This act is applicable to all kinds of goods and services, unfair trade practices unless there is some specific exemption made by the central government. It covers all sectors of the economy, i.e, public, private and co-operative. ItRead more

    The main features of Consumer Protection Act, 1986 are as follows:

    1. This act is applicable to all kinds of goods and services, unfair trade practices unless there is some specific exemption made by the central government.
    2. It covers all sectors of the economy, i.e, public, private and co-operative.
    3. It provides a consumer redressal system in a three tier approach with redressal forums at district, state and central levels.
    4. It provides recognition of the six rights of the consumers.
    See less
  2. Unemployment is a condition in which skilled and abled individuals do not get gainful jobs at a decent wage. There is unemployment in both rural and urban areas. Seasonal unemployment occurs in the rural population and educated unemployment occurs in the urban areas. Disguised unemployment is a kindRead more

    Unemployment is a condition in which skilled and abled individuals do not get gainful jobs at a decent wage. There is unemployment in both rural and urban areas. Seasonal unemployment occurs in the rural population and educated unemployment occurs in the urban areas.

    Disguised unemployment is a kind of unemployment in which there are people who are visibly employed but are actually unemployed. This situation is also known as ‘hidden unemployment’. In such a situation more people are engaged in a work than required. For example:
    1. In rural areas, this type of unemployment is generally found in agricultural sector like – in a family of 9 people all are engaged in the same agricultural plot. But if 4 people are withdrawn from it there will be no reduction in output. So, these 4 people are actually facing disguised unemployment.
    2. In urban areas, this type of unemployment can be seen mostly in service sectors such as in a family all members are engaged in one petty shop or a small business which can be managed by less number of persons.

    See less
  3. In most countries, the democracy produces a government that is accountable to the citizens and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens. Thus, it promotes equality among citizens.  People wish to be ruled by representatives elected by them as in a democratic government i.e people's oRead more

    • In most countries, the democracy produces a government that is accountable to the citizens and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens. Thus, it promotes equality among citizens. 
    • People wish to be ruled by representatives elected by them as in a democratic government i.e people’s own government. It makes them believe that it is suitable for their country as it is the legitimate government. 
    • No society can fully and permanently resolve the conflict among different groups. But we can learn to respect these differences and evolve mechanisms to negotiate them. Democracy is best suited as it develops a procedure to conduct competitions. Belgium is a successful example of negotiating differences among ethnic groups. 
    See less
  4. In brief, the World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.

    In brief, the World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.

    See less
  5. Formal sources of credit in India need to be expanded for the development of the nation. Cheap and affordable credit is a necessity for the development of the nation. To make sure that the poor can benefit from the cheaper loans, it is important that the formal credit is distributed more equally. UsRead more

    Formal sources of credit in India need to be expanded for the development of the nation. Cheap and affordable credit is a necessity for the development of the nation.

    • To make sure that the poor can benefit from the cheaper loans, it is important that the formal credit is distributed more equally.
    • Usually the poor have to depend on informal sources of credit and it is the richer households who receive formal credit.
    • Most loans from informal lenders do very little to increase the income of borrowers as they carry a very high interest rate.
    • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) makes sure that banks not only provide loans to traders and profit making businesses but also to small borrowers, small scale industries and small cultivators.

    Disadvantages of Informal Sources of Credit

    • In the informal sector, lenders can lend at whatever interest rate they choose.
    • In the informal sector, unfair means are used by lenders to get their money back and there is no one to stop them.
    • The credit activities of lenders in the informal sector are not supervised by any organisation.
    • As the interest rate on loans are higher in the informal sector compared to the formal sector, the cost to the borrower of informal loans is much higher.
    • To repay the loan, the larger part of the earnings of the borrowers is used up, due to higher cost of borrowing.
    • As a result, less income is left in the hands of the borrowers.
    • In other cases, higher interest rates means the amount that needs to be repaid by the borrower is more than his incomes, this leads to rising debts, which leads to debt trap.
    • In addition, due to the high cost of borrowing, people who may have plans to start an enterprise will desist from borrowing.
    • Due to the above mentioned reasons,cooperative societies and banks need to lend more.
    • This would help people to borrow at cheaper rates for a variety of purposes, like setting up small scale industries, doing business, growing crops, trade in goods, and thereby helping them in increasing their incomes.
    See less
  6. Civil Rights Black Power Movement 1. Led by Martin Luther King Jr. this movement lasted from 1954-1968. 1. This movement emerged in 1966 and lasted till 1975. 2. The movement refers to a set of events and reform movements aimed at abolishing legal racial discrimination against African-Americans. 2.Read more

    Civil Rights Black Power Movement
    1. Led by Martin Luther King Jr. this movement lasted from 1954-1968. 1. This movement emerged in 1966 and lasted till 1975.
    2. The movement refers to a set of events and reform movements aimed at abolishing legal racial discrimination against African-Americans. 2. It was a more militant and anti – racist movement.
    3. This movement practiced non violent methods of civil disobedience against racially discriminatory laws and practices. 3. The Black Power Movement advocated even violence, if necessary, to end racism in the US.
    See less
  7. From the late 18th century, the British in India began exporting opium to China and took tea from China to England. Many Indians became junior players in this trade; providing finance, procuring supplies and shipping consignment. Having earned through this trade, some of these businessmen decided toRead more

    • From the late 18th century, the British in India began exporting opium to China and took tea from China to England.
    • Many Indians became junior players in this trade; providing finance, procuring supplies and shipping consignment.
    • Having earned through this trade, some of these businessmen decided to develop industrial enterprises in India.
    • In Bengal, Dwarkanath Tagore made his fortune in the China trade.
    • In Bombay, Parsis like JDinshaw Petit and Jamsetji Nusserwanjee Tata built huge industrial empires in India.
    • Seth Hukumchand, a Marwari businessman who set up the first Indian jute mill in Calcutta, also traded with China.
    • The father as well as grandfather of G.D. Birla was also famous industrialist.
    • Some merchants from Madras traded with Burma while others had links with Middle East and East Africa.
    See less
  8. The ancestors of the novel were Elizabethan prose fiction and French heroic romances, which were long narratives about contemporary characters who behaved nobly. The novel came into popular awareness towards the end of the 1700s, due to a growing middle class with more leisure time to read and moneyRead more

    The ancestors of the novel were Elizabethan prose fiction and French heroic romances, which were long narratives about contemporary characters who behaved nobly. The novel came into popular awareness towards the end of the 1700s, due to a growing middle class with more leisure time to read and money to buy books.

    See less
  9. A. False It is the amount of O2 in excess of resting needs consumed after exercise stops. B. False O2 uptake across pulmonary capillary walls is not usually diffusion limited. C. True The O2 debt incurred during anaerobic metabolism is repaid later. D. True This is generated during anaerobic metabolRead more

    A. False It is the amount of O2 in excess of resting needs consumed after exercise stops. B. False O2 uptake across pulmonary capillary walls is not usually diffusion limited. C. True The O2 debt incurred during anaerobic metabolism is repaid later. D. True This is generated during anaerobic metabolism. E. True Due to the lactic acid blood HCO3-  falls as the lactic acid is buffered.
    See less
  10. A. False Consciousness is a function of the cerebral cortical neurones.  B. True The coordinating centres for pupillary reflexes are in the brainstem.  C. False The reflex centres for tendon jerks are in the spinal cord.  D. True Respiratory reflexes are coordinated in the brainstem.  E. False NystaRead more

    A. False Consciousness is a function of the cerebral cortical neurones.  B. True The coordinating centres for pupillary reflexes are in the brainstem.  C. False The reflex centres for tendon jerks are in the spinal cord.  D. True Respiratory reflexes are coordinated in the brainstem.  E. False Nystagmus is the normal reflex response of brainstem centres to this stimulus.

    See less